12495nam a2200757 i 4500 almafu_9960074272002883 DE-602 20240509041011.0 m o d | cr#cnu|||||||| 190527s2019 enk o 000 0 eng d 9780128173121 0128173122 9780128168585 0128168587 (CKB)4100000008213202 (MiAaPQ)EBC5773223 (FR-PaCSA)88962905 (FRCYB88962905)88962905 (BIP)64523753 (EXLCZ)994100000008213202 MiAaPQ eng rda pn MiAaPQ MiAaPQ DE-188;9960074272002883 DE-578;9960074272002883 DE-578;9960074272002883 DE-188;9960074272002883 DE-11;9949985076902882 DE-83;9923226112902884 TK2861 .A893 2019 621.317 23 621.31 DE-188;9960074272002883 DE-578;9960074272002883 DE-578;9960074272002883 DE-188;9960074272002883 DE-11;9949985076902882 DE-83;9923226112902884 almafu_9960074272002883 Atwa, Omar Salah, author. Practical power system and protective relays commissioning / Omar Salah Atwa. London, England : Academic Press, [2019] ©2019 1 online resource (420 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Front Cover -- Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Power System Elements -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of a Power System -- 1.2.1 Generation of Power -- 1.2.2 Transmission System -- 1.2.3 Distribution System -- 1.2.4 Loads -- 1.3 System Voltages -- 1.4 Power System Components -- 1.5 IEEE Device Numbers and Functions for Switchgear Apparatus -- 2 Substations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Substation Electrical Diagrams -- 2.2.1 Single Line Diagram -- 2.2.2 Schematic/Elementary Diagram -- 2.2.3 Connection or Wiring Diagram -- 2.2.4 Interconnection Diagram -- 2.3 Substation and Busbar Layouts -- 2.3.1 Single Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.2 Double Busbar/One Circuit Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.3 Sectioning of Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.4 Ring Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.5 One and Half Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.6 Double Busbar, Double Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.7 Interconnected Mesh Corners Arrangement -- 2.4 Load Break Switches -- 2.5 Switchgear in Generating Stations -- 2.5.1 Main Switchgear Schemes -- 2.5.2 Auxiliary Switchgear -- 2.5.2.1 Unit system of generator -- 2.5.2.2 Unit scheme employing generator circuit breaker -- 3 Introduction to Testing and Commissioning of Power System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Precommissioning Procedures -- 3.1.2 Commissioning Management -- 3.2 Power Transformer Commissioning -- 3.2.1 Visual Check -- 3.2.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.3 Surge Arrestor Test -- 3.3.1 Visual Checks -- 3.3.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.4 Current Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.4.1 Visual Checks -- 3.4.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 3.5 Voltage Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.5.1 Visual Checks -- 3.5.2 Electrical Commissioning Tests -- 3.6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Commissioning Test -- 3.6.1 Visual Check and Mechanical Tests -- 3.6.2 Electrical Tests. 3.7 High Voltage Cables Commissioning Tests -- 3.7.1 Visual Checks -- 3.7.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.8 Protection and Control Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.8.1 Visual Check -- 3.8.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.9 Final Energization Commissioning Procedures -- 3.10 AC Distribution Panel Commissioning Tests -- 3.10.1 Visual Checks -- 3.10.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.11 DC Distribution Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.11.1 Visual Check -- 3.11.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.12 Battery Commissioning Tests -- 3.12.1 Visual Check -- 3.12.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.13 Battery Charger Commissioning Tests -- 3.13.1 Visual Checks -- 3.13.2 Electrical Tests -- 4 Generators and Motors: Theory and Testing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Generating Stations -- 4.2.1 Hydro Power Stations -- 4.2.2 Thermal Power Stations -- 4.2.3 Nuclear Power Stations -- 4.3 Renewable Power Systems -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3 Types of Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3.1 Solar Energy -- 4.3.3.2 Wind Energy -- 4.3.3.2.1 Wind Turbine Power System Protection Zones -- 4.3.3.3 Geothermal Energy -- 4.3.3.4 Biomass Energy -- 4.3.3.5 Ocean or Tidal Energy -- 4.3.3.6 Hydro-electric Energy -- 4.4 Synchronous Generators: Theory and Construction -- 4.4.1 Synchronous Generator Excitation System -- 4.4.2 Synchronous Generator Ratings -- 4.4.3 Steady-State Stability and Transient Stability of Synchronous Generators -- 4.4.4 Power Angle of Synchronous Machines -- 4.4.5 Excitation Response -- 4.4.6 Excitation Ceiling Voltage -- 4.5 Generator Connection in Power Stations -- 4.6 Synchronizing of Synchronous Generator With Busbars -- 4.7 Installation and Commissioning of Synchronous Generators -- 4.7.1 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Synchronous Generators -- 4.8 Synchronous Motors Theory -- 4.9 Three-Phase Induction Motors Theory -- 4.10 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Induction Motors. 5 Power Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Transformer Construction -- 5.3 Transformer Cooling System -- 5.4 Transformer Theory and Circuit Analysis -- 5.4.1 Transformers and Overexcitation -- 5.5 Power Transformer Installation -- 5.5.1 Transportation -- 5.5.2 Site Inspections -- 5.5.3 Transformer Storage -- 5.6 Power Transformer Testing and Commissioning -- 5.6.1 Measurement of Winding Insulation Resistance -- 5.6.2 Measurement of Voltage Ratio Test -- 5.6.3 Determination of Transformer Vector Group Test -- 5.6.4 Winding Resistance Test -- 5.6.5 Measurement of No-Load Current and No-Load Circuit Losses Test -- 5.6.6 Measurement of Load Losses: Current and Impedance Voltage Test -- 5.6.7 Temperature Rise Test -- 5.6.8 Transformer Oil Breakdown Test -- 5.6.9 Measurement of Capacitance and Tan δ -- 5.6.10 Frequency Response Analysis -- 5.6.11 Partial Discharge Measurement -- 5.7 Commissioning Tests for Power Transformers at Site -- 5.7.1 General -- 5.7.2 Primary Tests -- 5.7.3 Secondary Tests -- 5.7.4 Tripping Tests -- 5.7.5 Load Test -- 6 Transmission Lines Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overhead AC Lines -- 6.2.1 Electrical Characteristics of AC Transmission Lines -- 6.3 Underground Cables -- 6.3.1 High-Voltage Cables -- 6.3.2 High-Voltage Cables: End Terminations -- 6.4 Testing and Commissioning of Extra-High-Voltage and High-Voltage Cables at Site -- 6.4.1 Continuity and Phasing Checks -- 6.4.2 DC Contact Resistance of Cable Phase Conductors -- 6.4.3 DC Insulation Sheath Test -- 6.4.4 Cable Insulation Resistance Test -- 6.4.5 Cable Capacitance Test -- 6.4.6 Verification of Cross Bonding Test of Metallic Sheath of Cable -- 6.4.7 Measurements of Cable Positive Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.8 Measurements of Cable Zero Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.9 Sheath Voltage Limit Test. 6.4.10 High-Voltage Resonant AC Test for 132kV Cables and Above -- 6.5 High Voltage DC Power Systems Transmission -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Construction of DC Transmission -- 6.5.2.1 Monopolar links -- 6.5.2.2 Bipolar links -- 6.5.2.3 Homopolar links -- 6.5.3 DC Transmission Components -- 6.5.4 High-Voltage DC Protection System -- 7 Circuit Breakers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Principle of Arc Interruption -- 7.3 Circuit Breaker Types Based on Insulating Medium -- 7.3.1 Air Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.2 Oil Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4 SF6 Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4.1 Properties of SF6 Gas -- 7.3.4.2 Contaminants -- 7.3.4.3 Related Standards -- 7.3.4.4 Precautions -- 7.3.4.5 Testing for Contamination -- 7.4 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism -- 7.5 Circuit Breaker Controls -- 7.5.1 Electrical Control -- 7.6 Circuit Breaker Testing -- 7.6.1 Contact Resistance Testing -- 7.6.2 Insulation Resistance Testing -- 7.6.3 High-Voltage Test -- 7.6.4 Circuit Breaker Timing Test -- 7.6.5 Reduced Voltage Test -- 8 Air Insulated System Substations Theory and Testing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Testing of the AIS-Components -- 9 Surge Arresters Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Testing of Surge Arresters -- 10 Traditional and Electronic Current Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Current Transformer Equivalent Circuit -- 10.3 Current Transformer Magnetization Curve -- 10.4 Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.1 Metering Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.2 Protection Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.3 Current Transformer Open Circuited Secondary Winding -- 10.5 Types of Current Transformers -- 10.5.1 Wound Primary Type Current Transformer -- 10.5.2 Bar Primary Type Current Transformer (Resin-Embedded). 10.5.3 Bushing-Type Current Transformers -- 10.5.4 Air-Gapped Current Transformers -- 10.5.5 Transient Performance Current Transformers -- 10.5.5.1 TPY Class -- 10.5.5.2 TPZ Class -- TPS Class -- TPX Class -- TPY Class -- TPZ Class -- 10.5.6 Linear Coupler Current Transformers -- 10.6 Current Transformers Connections -- 10.7 Current Transformer Knee Point -- 10.8 Optical Current and Voltage Transformer -- 10.8.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 10.9 Current Transformer Commissioning Testing -- 10.9.1 Visual Checks -- 10.9.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 10.9.2.1 Insulation Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.2 Winding Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.3 Polarity Test -- 10.9.2.4 Ratio Test by Primary Injection -- 10.9.2.5 Magnetizing Current Test -- 10.9.2.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 10.9.2.7 Continuity of Secondary Circuits -- 10.9.2.8 High Voltage Test -- 10.9.2.9 Demagnetizing the CT Cores -- 11 Voltage Transformers -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Principle of Operation of Electromagnetic Voltage Transformers -- 11.3 Principle of Operation of Capacitive Voltage Transformers -- 11.4 Burdens and Accuracy Classes -- 11.5 Types and Three-Phase Connections of Voltage Transformers -- 11.6 Optical Current and Voltage Transformers -- 11.6.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 11.7 Voltage Transformer Testing -- 11.7.1 Visual Check -- 11.7.2 Insulation Resistance Test -- 11.7.3 Polarity (Flick) Test -- 11.7.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Test -- 11.7.5 Winding Resistance Test -- 11.7.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 12 Disconnecting Switches and Earthing Switches Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Load Break Switches -- 12.1.2 High-Speed Earthing Switches -- 12.2 Disconnect Switches/Earth (Grounding) Switches Tests -- 13 Fault Recorders in Substations and Power Stations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Fault Recorder Testing. 14 Gas Insulated System Substations. Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning is a unique collection of the most important developments in the field of power system setup. It includes simple explanations and cost affordable models for operating engineers. The book explains the theory of power system components in a simple, clear method that also shows how to apply different commissioning tests for different protective relays. The book discusses scheduling for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources to efficiently complete projects on budget and with optimal use of resources.- Explains the theory of power system components and how to set the different types of relays- Discusses the time schedule for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources and cost implications- Details worked examples and illustrates best practices Description based on print version record. Protective relays. Electric generators Protection. Electric power systems Protection. BOOK cr 9960074272002883 DE-188 KOBV c 9960074272002883 DE-578 KOBV c 9960074272002883 DE-578 KOBV c 9960074272002883 DE-188 KOBV c 9949985076902882 DE-11 KOBV c 9923226112902884 DE-83 KOBV c false